Earth is one of the planets in the Solar System that has so many active volcanoes. Recently, Anak Anak Krakatau erupted hundreds of times, with a booming sound as far as the Serang Banten. Mount Merapi in Yogyakarta is now also experiencing magmatic eruptions.
The two mountains are part of 1500 active volcanoes on Earth. But that number is still less when compared to the closest neighbor of the Earth, Venus. This planet has the most volcanoes in the Solar System.
Not less than 1600 active volcanoes are recorded on the surface of Venus. Unlike volcanoes on Earth that are generally in the form of strato (volcanoes composed of alternating lava and pyroclastic rocks), cinder (volcanoes dominated by pyroclastics) or shields, volcanoes on Venus almost never erupt explosively.
Also Read: Why Haven't Humans Been Visiting the Moon Since 1972?
Magma is generally absorbed onto the surface of Venus to form a lava dome with a unique morphology commonly known as the Pancake Dome. This formation occurs because the magma released to the surface then flows in all directions with the same distance from the center of the eruption. One of the highest volcanoes on Venus is Maat Mons with a height of up to 8 km.
Some of the surface features on Venus that are typical of the mountain paths, valleys, coronae, tesserae, pancake dome, and also the impact crater with a meteorite. Coronae is a circular formation on the surface of Venus that may be caused by tectonic or volcanic activity. While tesserae is an area on the surface of Venus with a height of more than 5 km that has been strongly deformed.
The researchers believe that these phenomena were also formed due to the geological processes that occur in Venus like Earth today.
Heat effect
The thick atmosphere with a combination of 1600 active volcanoes has given a horrible natural greenhouse effect on Venus. The heat released when volcanoes erupt or the heat that enters the surface is trapped by CO2 gas. This combination is thought to be responsible for vaporizing all the water on the planet's surface and ordaining Venus to be the hottest planet in the Solar System.
The composition of the gas is dominated by mainly CO2 which is close to 97% with a little H2S and H2O making Planet Venus have a turbid atmosphere making it difficult for researchers to know what is happening on its surface. Until finally Venera 9 from Russia successfully landed on October 22, 1975 to get a picture of the surface of Venus for the first time quite well.
The space mission to Venus had begun 14 years before, precisely February 12, 1961; when the Soviet Union managed to send Venera 1. This mission managed to cross Venus at a distance of about 100,000 km before finally losing contact with researchers on Earth.
The presence of CO2 in the atmosphere of Venus makes the planet a perfect natural combustion site. The heat of sunlight that reaches the surface of Venus in less than 6 minutes since it is released on the surface of the Sun is trapped in the largest natural greenhouse system in the Solar System. The surface of Venus is burning, burning red.
In terms of surface temperature, the distance of a planet from the Sun in the Solar System, is not always related to the temperature on its surface. Mercury within 0.4 AU has a surface temperature of approximately 430 Celsius while Venus which is further away or 0.7 AU has a surface temperature of 30 C hotter than Mercury's surface temperature or precisely around ~ 460 C. Meanwhile, the Earth we live in has only a flat surface temperature average of about 16 C.
1 AU, called the Astronomical Unit, is equivalent to the distance between the Sun and the Earth which reaches 149.6 million kilometers. The relatively close distance to the Sun makes Venus one of the brightest sky objects in the sky besides the Sun and Moon.
Venus, with its atmospheric thickness, gives a chance that the sun's light is reflected perfectly. Venus also seems to glow shortly after the Sun sets and can still be seen while the Sun will rise, so that Venus is often known as the Evening Star.
Venusian Character
Venus is our closest neighboring planet in the Solar System, a distance of 38 million km from Earth with a diameter of about 12,102 km or almost the same size as the Earth. Venus, which is the second planet from the Sun in the Solar System, has the nearest orbit of about 107.5 million km and the furthest about 109 million km from the Sun.
Although it has some similarities with Earth, Venus's surface conditions are very contrasting and vastly different from conditions on the Earth's surface. Earth has an atmosphere that maintains the surface of the Earth in ideal conditions, the right temperature, neither too cold nor too hot. This condition is possible
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